Advanced Placement (AP) English Literature Practice Exam

What is the main function of allegory in literature?

1. The use of humor to entertain

2. The representation of feelings and emotions

3. The symbolic representation of abstract ideas

4. The physical description of characters and settings

The correct answer is: The symbolic representation of abstract ideas

Allegory serves as a powerful literary device that conveys complex ideas and moral messages through symbolic figures, actions, and imagery. In an allegorical work, characters and events are not merely meant to depict a narrative but instead represent deeper truths or concepts—such as virtues, vices, or social commentary. For instance, in George Orwell's "Animal Farm," the farm and its inhabitants symbolize the Russian Revolution and the rise of totalitarianism, illustrating how the mechanics of power operate in society. This use of symbolism allows readers to engage with the text on multiple levels, prompting them to reflect on the broader implications of the narrative beyond its literal events. Through this technique, allegory effectively communicates abstract ideas that can resonate with readers, encouraging them to find relevance to their own lives and societal issues. Thus, the symbolic representation of abstract ideas is the primary function of allegory in literature.